The Two Types Of Symptoms Of Parkinson s Disease

The Two Types of Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD), a degenerative nervous system disorder, is more common every day, yet it is still a mystery on what causes it. More than a million Americans have been diagnosed with PD and every year there are 60,000 new cases. Affecting older people, it is the second most common disorder and the condition is expected to increase as the aging population increases. PD essentially is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. The increase in research has led to a wide range of possibilities to the causes involving both genetic and environmental factors. There are two different types of symptoms: motor and non-motor. The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease can be challenging as the symptoms that are exhibited can also be symptoms of another neurodegenerative disorder (Gazewood 2013). There are no biological markers (tests or screenings) available for PD but researchers are working to develop an accurate one (PDF 2016). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown but it is thought to be linked to combined effects of genetic factors and environmental factors. There is a greater risk of having Parkinson’s disease if someone in the family has been diagnosed with it. The genes linked to PD are SNCA, LRRK2, PARK2, and PINK1 (Lill et al. 2012). PD is also more common in non-Hispanic whites and in males (Van Den Eeden 2003). The environmental factors are pesticide exposure, occupational exposure, cigarette smoking or dietary factorsShow MoreRelatedIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreOn Nervous Disorders : Parkinson s Disease1193 Words   |  5 PagesOn Nervous Disorders: Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system characterized by tremor, slowed movement, and muscle rigidity; typically only seen in those over the age of forty. It is named after James Parkinson, an English surgeon, whom first described the symptoms of â€Å"the shaking palsy,† in a report published in 1817 (Grimes, 2004). The brain is the control center of the body. The brain orchestrates movement, sensations, feelings, personality, andRead MoreThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 PagesIt’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Other few types of dementias are â€Å"Vascular dementia, Mixed dementia, Parkinson s disease and Frontotemporal dementia (Krishnan, D. S)†. All of the variousRead MoreParkinson Disease ( Pd )1350 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016). The cause of Parkinson disease, defined by Robert Hauser, who isRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease1737 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s Disease INTRODUCTION Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin (2014) states that Parkinson’s disease comes second on the list of most common degenerative disorder of the nervous system. Dopamine, a substance synthesized in the body, is responsible for the normal movements of the body (Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin, 2014). In Parkinson’s disease, the cells responsible for synthesizing Dopamine are damaged and incapacitated to form it (Wong, GilmourRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between Parkinson s disorder and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chemical messengers can cause both stiffness of the body and tremors, which are two common effects ofRead More Parkinson’s Disease and Medical Treatment Options Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesParkinson’s Disease and Medical Treatment Options For many 50 year olds, tasks such as writing or walking can be easily preformed without much attention. In fact, the term â€Å"task† seems to stress that there is a greater level of effort than is truly exerted in order for the average person to perform these actions. However, for a patient of Parkinson’s Disease who is diagnosed on average at the age of 50, these every day activities take a great deal of time, attention, and effort to be preformedRead MoreDementia With Lewy Bodies ( Dlb )1473 Words   |  6 PagesDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a type of dementia that shares symptoms with both Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease. It may account for around 10 per cent of all cases of dementia (Alzheimer’s Society, 2016). Lewy refers to the inflammation or neuro-inflammation of the brain (Surendranathan et al, 2015). Both Parkinson s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are age-related diseases, although onset before age 65 years is not uncommon and both diseases are more common in men than in womenRead MoreThe Disease Of Parkinson s Disease1648 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Parkinson’s disease has been cataloged as one of the most serious and slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects a wide array of motor and non-motor aspects that impact the function of a person. Afflicting over four million Americans and the second most common neurological disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s continues to take its toll on the neurological health of many(Constantinescu et al, 2007 ). James Parkinson, a British physician first coinedRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease3496 Words   |  14 Pages Parkinson s disease Twanda H. Lewis North Carolina Wesleyan Dr. Quinan Parkinson s Disease Twanda H. Lewis North Carolina Wesleyan Dr. Quinan Outline Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Symptoms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Tremor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 6 Slow Movement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Rigid Muscles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Disfigured Posture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Loss

Descriptive Essay About Restaurant - 1444 Words

Restaurant For many years, I have run a baseball league with over one hundred and twenty teams per year with my father. We run a tight knit operation and deal with thousands and thousands of people for about four months out of the year. Four months doesn’t seem like a long time but for seven days a week and at least ten hours a day, will certainly make for a hard time. But, for a long time, I have wondered what else could we do in the other months out of the year. We do some stuff such as preparing for the next season and fixing things for the offseason. We make a lot of friendships within the ball league so why couldn’t we do a restaurant? People like the food we cook at the park and they like us so to me it’s a great idea. My brother is†¦show more content†¦Waitresses are normally only workers needing a job for a short period of time because it’s a lot of teenagers or college students just looking for some extra money. Even though this is the ca se, I want to make every worker feel as though they are welcomed there for a lifetime. We want to treat any worker with respect and make them enjoy their jobs. With that being the case, everyone has an opportunity to better themselves. Obviously, our turnover is going to still be high but good employees need to be rewarded. Every week we are going to hold a meeting. We are going to discuss some things that could be worked on and some things that turned out great. At the end of the meeting, we are going to reward an employee for employee of the week with a fifty-dollar gift card to a store of our choosing. When people know that they can be rewarded, what happens? They all the sudden pick up their pace a little bit. Incentive to do good is always a key. We also want to give every employee the chance to move up. Whether that be up to a manager or something else we want to give them that opportunity. One of the biggest things that hurts in a restaurant is that the profit margins are so small. Profit margins are usually anywhere between 3 and 5%. This all depends on what we will charge for food. We don’t want to offer anything fancy by any means but we do want to make sure that we have good food. With my brother being a chef, I don’t really see thisShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Restaurant1256 Words   |  6 PagesAmazing restaurants are few and far in between. It seems as if there is always something negative that could be said about even the best restaurants in the country, not even one is entirely perfect. It’s incredibly hard to find a great restaurant that has attentive servers, high quality food served in a timely manner, a friendly atmosphere, and overall cleanliness. Incredibly, I have found an impeccable restaurant that not only meets all of the criteria listed above, it exceeds them. Uno’s PizzeriaRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Restaurant959 Words   |  4 Pagesthing I worried about. Since I came here, I had tried so many foods here and I think each food own their independent style. Whatever what kind of food they from, I think they both good. But the food I always like best is Chinese food. The restaurant which I want to talk about is called Spicy Spirit Chinese Cuisine and Bar. I heard it from my friend suggestion. It’s kind of new restaurant because It was established in 2010. The reason that why I want to go is because this restaurant is a Chinese styleRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Japanese Restaurant957 Words   |  4 Pagesto a Japanese restaurant called Sakura and mentioned how the food and service was great. I looked up the restaurant and their reviews had 4.1 stars on Google reviews and was voted the 2nd best restaurant in the U.S. by Consumer Reports Magazine. Initially we were going to the Cheesecake Factory, but now we were convinced to go to Sakura for the first time. The decision to go to eat at Sakura was the best decision ever. We drove from Springfield to Vienna at six pm. It took about thirty minutesRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Favorite Restaurant833 Words   |  4 Pages I often go to my favorite restaurant called Andale after school. It is a great Mexican place, and the owners know my name. They are there all the time to talk to me, and one time Mirna, one of the owners, even helped me with Spanish because she is from Honduras. The other owner, Reza, is from Iran. One thing I never knew about them though is that they are the perfect people for this project. Reza and Mirna grew up very poor. Reza told me that they ate out of the garbage some days. But, they bothRead MoreObjectivity In Autophenonmenology And Heterophenomenology.938 Words   |  4 PagesHeterophenomenology In the journal â€Å"How to Study Human Consciousness Empirically,† Daniel Dennett claims that â€Å"people are often just wrong about what they are doing and how they are doing it.† Rather than having an objective and complete understanding of our own intentions and processes, we tend to use assumptions as knowledge, alter facts to align with our beliefs, and theorize about causes and effects. As a result, studies of traditional phenomenology (referred to in this situation as autophenomenology) areRead MoreMy Reflection Of Writing1579 Words   |  7 PagesThis semester I wrote three essays; a review essay, annotated bibliography, and a research paper. As I wrote these essays I learned what they were, why they are written, and why people use these to obtain information. Throughout this course I enjoyed writing the essays and learning new things from what I was writing about. Although some were not easy I still took my time and made sure they were perfect in my eyes. Wh ile taking this class I learned a new perspective of writing these specific papersRead MoreColonialist Oppression in Marrakech Essay583 Words   |  3 PagesMarrakech, an essay by George Orwell, accomplishes a key balance by providing descriptive imagery, literal and direct views that are presented through the diction, and transitioning the narrator from one setting to the next. This balance allows the reader to fully grasp Orwells intent of showing the reader that colonialism has corrupted the views of the white society, leading to their lack of acknowledgement of any dignity that the most unfortunate people in humanity may have. Orwell is clearlyRead MoreNarrative Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essays: To Tell a Story There are four types of essays: Exposition - gives information about various topics to the reader. Description - describes in detail characteristics and traits. Argument - convinces the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. Narrative - tells a story, usually from one person’s viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the story elements - a beginning and ending, plot, characters, setting and climax - all coming together to complete theRead MoreServing in Florida Analysis Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesJerry’s: White-Collar Scholar to Blue-Collar Waitress Creamy carrion, pizza barf, decomposing lemon wedges, and water-logged toast crusts; sounds like the typical garbage can. Would anyone believe that these phrases apply to a run-down restaurant in the middle of Florida? Barbara Ehrenreich goes undercover at a local fast food diner known as Jerry’s to investigate life as a blue-collar laborer, serving to customers arriving in â€Å"human waves† (Ehrenreich 180). It is throughout her journey workingRead MoreShake It off and Step Up1476 Words   |  6 PagesEN 100 Reflective Argument Essay Second Draft Shake It off and Step Up Unconsciously, it comes to the end of the semester. I’ve learned quite a lot in our EN 100 class, not only in word selection, but also in many aspects such as the use of language and how to connect paragraphs. The most important thing I have learned in this class is the cultural difference between writing in Chinese and writing in English. You might be good at writing Chinese essays, but it doesn’t mean you can

Hooking Up What Educators Need For Know - 954 Words

In Kathleen A. Bogle’s essay â€Å"Hooking Up: What Educators need to know† she talks about how in order to address the biggest problems in college campus life, such as alcohol abuse and sexual assaults, educators must first address the new hook-up culture. While Bogle may share several appeals to personal experiences college students go through, the lack of nearly any sources and facts causes the argument not to be a strong one. Being a college student myself, it is very easy to relate to and understand Bogle’s arguments about how hooking up can lead to alcohol abuse and sexual assaults. Even if this is true, an outsider s perspective can vary on whether they believe the argument Bogle presents or not. One example is a potential incoming student who is likely to be ignorant to anything about the hookup culture in college and might not believe Bogle’s argument without any solid facts or statistics. A different example could be a parent of a student may be swayed by the nervousness of the child being away to believe the extreme without any evidence. This is a vast downfall for this article due to the fact there is little proof or real life examples throughout it. Bogle explains how hooking up among college students can be directly related to alcohol consumption and abuse. It is noted that in what was considered the dating era that drinking was not the usual activity for couples to take part in, but now it’s how we meet people. She goes on to say â€Å"a student drinks too much,Show MoreRelated`` Hooking Up : What Educators Need For Know968 Words   |  4 Pagesher essay,† ‘Hooking Up’: What Educators Need to Know†, Kathleen A. Bogle illustrates that college students are having more casual sex aka †Hooking Up† (248). Also Educators need be able to tell the different of casual sex and sexual assault. Bogle illustrates hooking up is a more common practice because the shift of social and dat ing. She explains that hooking up is the new dating system for college students to find â€Å"sexual and romantic partners† (249). According to Bogle hooking up is the thingRead MoreRape of Women on College Campus2051 Words   |  8 Pagesdating in college has mostly gone the way of the landline, replaced by â€Å"hooking up†- an ambiguous term that can signify anything from making out to oral sex to intercourse - all complete without the emotional entanglement of a real relationship. As times have changed, students begin to view a relationship as â€Å"too time consuming† and something that no longer takes priority amongst their busy, high achieving schedules. However, hooking up threatens the sexual, physical, and psychological health of college-ageRead MorePedagogical Concepts Of Pedagogical Practices1518 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences. One pedagogical practice is to build respectful, reciprocal and caring relationships. Building these relationships can take time and when teachers are looking after a big group of children it can be hard to develop the relationships children need. The Sector Advisory Group report recommends for improving quality of early childhood education for children under three is to introduce regulated group size. In the context of improved ratios such as 1:3, 1:4, regulate for group size of three timesRead MoreInfluence Of The On Sex Education1058 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes. Those who have not experienced premarital intercourse tend to agree more on this system. In some case studies, there seem to be participants that go to the extreme end of the continuum of either having anti-tradition sexual behaviors, like hooking up, or want to protect Basic Sexual-Moral Principles, which is similar to abstinence in the United States. Political reinforcement When talking about Chinese sex revolution in 1960, people tend to compare it with sex revolution in other western countriesRead MoreSexual Harassment On College Campuses1777 Words   |  8 Pagesenforce compliance among colleges and universities. The DOE reminded educators, executive administrators, and policy makers in higher education that addressing sexual harassment on college campuses is a top priority. (Marshall, Daylot, Galloway,P. 279) There has been sexual harassment training for college administration to minimize the occurrence of incidents. One way of helping to reduce the issue is making men aware of what a harassing behavior can be. With training for faculty and administrationRead More The Internet as a Learning Tool Essay example2048 Words   |  9 PagesThe Internet as a Learning Tool The Internet has a universal appeal for most people. We (in the United States) have become dependant on it for our daily routines. We shop, send mail, read the news, look up movie reviews, etc., using the Internet. We depend on this service, because we have told ourselves that It has made our lives easier. We advocate the use of similar technologies within the classroom, because we are convinced that the use of computers and having access to the Internet isRead MoreConfidential Psychological Report4752 Words   |  20 PagesJanuary 28, 1990 Birth place: Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, Malate Manila Social Status: Single Occupation: Peer Health Educator at Department of Health (DOH), Sta. Cruz, Manila Religion: Roman Catholic Nationality: Filipino B. Brief Statement of the Problem (reason for referral) Mr. Michael Anthony C. Valdez, a 21 yrs, Peer Health Educator at Department of Health voluntarily participated and agreed to take part as a client to include the confidential case report and theRead MoreEssay on The Evolution of Sex2362 Words   |  10 PagesThe Evolution of Sex Take the 1960s notion of free love, combine with todays sexually active teenagers who expect no emotional commitment, and you have the modern definition for â€Å"hook up.† The term evolved just as many ideas about sex have in this last century. Hooking up is no longer just kissing, it involves oral sex and also intercourse, it is all about the casual sex. The practice of casual sex is more popular among American teenagers; however, the feelings of independence and empowermentRead MoreImpact of Internet on Culture2553 Words   |  11 Pagesmost exciting major events in the second half of the 20th century. The ancient dream of â€Å"a scholar knows all things happening in the world without venturing outdoors† has finally become a reality. Since 1993, the Internet started to take off. At present, the Internet has spread to more than 180 countries and regions, connecting more than 600,000 domestic networks of various types, hooking up more than 20 million computers available to 120 million users (2% of the entire global population).Read MorePressure Medication All Of These Treatment Cost Money2291 Words   |  10 Pagesopportunity to have medical insurance. As a result of signing Obama Care the amount of insured citizens in the United States has risen, but the quality of care continues not to change. The correlation in between these two do not seem plausible. So what is really going on? With this coverage it may be that it benefits some families but there are many cons that are tied in with this care. Assuring that individuals that are not covered by health insurance will be fined is a huge incentive. The answers

Department Stores Supply Chain Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the Department Stores Supply Chain Collaboration. Answer: Introduction The report is focused on strategic analysis of an Australian based company. For this report the organisation selected is the Woolworths, the largest supermarket retailer in Australia. Across the Australian retail industry, the company has achieved significant growth and development (Woolworths Limited 2015). The report aims to analyse the underlying strategy of the company and evaluate the external issues that area driving the company to move the jobs offshore. Further, the strategic analysis evaluates the internal factors that made the company to develop a strategy of moving its jobs offshore. There are various tools for strategic analysis that are used in this study for analysing Woolworths current level of strategic position in the retail industry by analysing the internal and the external environment of the company. The report identifies the key stakeholders of the company and discusses how the shift of offshore activities will affect these stakeholders. The report also explains why a number of jobs will continue to be based in Australia and the associated implications. Overview of the organisation In Australia, the organisation with the biggest supermarket chain is Woolworths. It is owned by Woolworths Limited. Established in 1924, the company has opened its initial store in Sydney's Imperial Arcade. Currently, the organization is one of the leading players in the industry and has been maintaing its position since 80 years. The company along with Coles form a duopoly of supermarkets in Australia and constitutes 80% of the Australian market. The company sells groceries (packaged food, vegetables, meat, fruit, etc.). The Macro Wholefood Market delivers range of products meeting the specific requirements of families such as vegetarian food, gluten free diet, and organic foods (Woolworths Limited 2015). The total number of stores in both Australia and New Zealand are 3000. The four levels of Woolworths private label brands are- Woolworths Homebrand, Woolworths Select, Woolworths Gold, and Woolworths Fresh (Bailey 2016). After the company has been listed publicly on the ASX, it ann ounced the loss of $1.235 billion in 2016 for the FY16 financial year. In 2011, Woolworth has announced moving jobs offshore by effectively pricing local suppliers outside the market despite its net profit of $2.12 billion in the same financial year (Cfmeu.com.au 2011). There was no excuse to manipulate the supply chains and send more manufacturing jobs offshore. Therefore, this act of the company is rationale to perform the external and internal analysis of Woolworths. External analysis of the company This section deals with the strategic analysis of the companys external environment. To evaluate the external issue causing the offshore movement PESTEL analysis is used as a tool. It refers to Political factors The political climate is greatly affecting Woolworths in Australia due to the competition policy launched by the federal government, which eliminates the small retailers and allow giant ones to sustain. However, there is regular fluctuation in currencies in Australia due to unpredictable policy changes according to Keith (2012). The company has benefits of tax consideration even during offshoring and avail the GST free opportunities. Offshoring may also prevent Woolworths from the financial uncertainty due to fluctuations in dollars. Further, moving jobs offshore would reduce the companys compliance obligations and taxations in some markets. Economic factors The harsh trading conditions are making the market development for Woolworths more difficult. According to Glover (2015) the manufacturing workers are earning more in Australia per hour when compared to the workers in New Zealand for the same length of time. Moreover, they also earn more on average when compared to US, Canada and UK (PESTEL Analysis 2017). Further Arli et al. (2013) stated that it is expensive to put the manufacturing workers in the Australian factories because in the past three to four years the productivity as an industry has not increased but there is a 3-4% increment in the payment of wages. The high manufacturing cost in Australia is the driving force for Woolworths to move jobs offshore using a strategy of low manufacturing cost overseas (Hughes 2013). It can be argued that business operations offshore may help Woolworths to claim back the tax credits in Australia while it only pays tax overseas. Further, the offshore jobs may provide access to the low cost of materials. It provides an opportunity to increase the investment in overseas if the dollars goes further (Blundell 2013). It will be cheaper for Woolworths to set up its production base overseas by shipping large product volume to Asia or vice versa. Thus, low freight cost in overseas market would boost profit margins of Woolworths and speed up the delivery. Social factors Woolworths is the trend setter of greener and healthier lifestyle that enhances the customer loyalty. However, Australian customers have a changing pattern of needs, attitudes and buying trends. By operating business offshore the company would be less bound to this change. Further, the overseas employees are highly skilled compared to Australia and are fluent in English with university education. Therefore, offshoring will help minimise the barriers to developing new products and promotes innovation (Hughes 2013). Technological factors Australia is less adaptive to advance technologies as compared US, UK and Japan. Therefore, it is effective to move jobs offshore to meet the higher quality expectations. The current IT structure in Australia is too rigid to allow the implementation of RFID technologies (Mo et al. 2011). Environmental factors The petrol and the winemaking business of Woolworths are having adverse effects on the environment conditions therefore the business areas of the company are affected in terms of profitability (Woolworths Limited 2015). Therefore, the company is adopting the strategy to compensate loss by generating high revenue from offshore business. Legal factors The retail industry in Australia is greatly affected by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the Trade Practicing Act and other foreign trading policies. For example, the implementation of carbon tax has effected Woolworthss business operations across the economy. Therefore, the company must employ a fair policy while operating its business (Chalmers et al. 2013). Internal analysis of the company This section presents the internal analysis of Woolworths to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy employed by the company. SWOT analysis is used as strategic analysis tool to analyse the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of Woolworths. Strength (Glover 2015) leading Australian retail industry with committed and dedicated team The companys ability is enhanced by strong human resource, technological resources and strong presence across the country High financial performance every year with generation of revenue that is 6.5% greater than the forecasted growth High recognition of its brand and efficient operations High customer loyalty as the company offers multiple shopping options for the clients such as online purchases, virtual stores Enhance market leadership positions with faster and efficient delivery options Weakness (Blundell 2013) External environmental conditions effect its growth in the Australian retail sector- It is restricting its move to the wider markets. As a consequence it is collaborating with Coles and is keeping higher prices of the product Compared to its competitors Woolworths has negligible global presence Failure in sustaining competitive advantage as it mainly competing with Coles It pays rent as unit which is 1.5 times lower than other retailers and has its locations in non primary retail centres Loss of $1.235 billion in fiscal year 2016 Opportunities (Bailey 2016) Good growth potential due to advancement in supply chain, changes in the consumer lifestyle changes, computerisation effecting the retailers power Can promote its brand with advanced technological resources and greatly engage in sponsorships and advertisements It can meet the changing requirements of the customers by adopting the strategy of multi-option retailing Threats (Arli et al. 2013) Higher competitors such as IGA, Coles, Alde in the retail industry are the main threat to Woolworths Rise in the cost of raw materials affecting the profit margin Fierce competition with international companies such as Walmart, TESCO, Aldi High wages of manufacturing workers Substitute products entering the Australian market hampering the customers loyalty It is difficult for the food manufactures to stay afloat with the combination of increment in wages, high Australian dollar and the supermarket price. Further, there is an increase in competition due to new entrants in the market. Therefore, Globalisation would be the effective strategy for the company to sustain itself. Moving offshore would overcome the price challenges faced by the company in the Australia as the products would be manufactured at cheaper prices overseas (Hughes 2013). Woolworths has faced a huge loss in 20 years with declining sales in food and liquor amidst the fierce competition from its rivals Aldi and Coles and it is losing money due to renewal of old stores requiring more capital. Conclusively, it is best strategy for the company to move jobs offshore as it can compensate some of its loss by cutting jobs from support office and supply chain (The Guardian 2017). Key stakeholders and the impact of shift of offshore activities The stakeholders are the internal parties of a business and must maintain a good relationship with them to increase the business productivity. The key stakeholders of Woolworths include employees, suppliers, customers, shareholders and the government. The media, unions, community interest groups, franchisees, and non-governmental organisations are the other stakeholders of Woolworths. The stakeholders are affected by business action and concerns due to their stake in the business (Hughes 2013). According to Hajkowicz et al. (2012) the offshoring has a profit motive which will help the firm in Australia to make more money making the countrys economy stronger. The offshoring activity will ensure greater shareholder returns, which will have positive impact on the companys stakeholders. Offshoring may be advantageous from a microenvironment point of view but it incurs a huge loss for the employees. Since the jobs are exported the countrys employment tends to decrease which may affect the companys relationship with the employees who have helped in making the company a giant one. The customer satisfaction may be affected as in the overseas the call centre services may annoy the customers. However, offshoring may increase the purchasing power of customers, as the products turn cheaper when manufactured overseas (Burke 2017). The benefits of offshoring may be exaggerated by the intermediaries which may gloss over the disadvantages associated with it and the cost. Kljenak et al. (20 13) believed that exporting the low skilled jobs overseas might benefit the employees in Woolworths (Australia) to have high skilled and more fulfilling jobs. The offshoring will positively affect the suppliers if it drives the volume-based sourcing opportunities and lowers the cost of good. The vision and sustainable ethos of Woolworths can be entrenched further by respecting the local culture while expanding the business in offshore. Associated implications of the number of jobs that continue to be based on Australia There are many implications for the number of jobs based in Australia. For these jobs it is implied to generate high skilled employees by training and education programs. It implies for innovation and strategies to meet the customers ever changing social trends (Blundell 2013). Woolworths is required to increase its sales and create new jobs in Australia, as there are number of risks in moving jobs offshore. A business can only run with the support of the stakeholders. Therefore, in the quest to target new market and customers it become difficult to sustain the competitive market. It is necessary to retain the old customers and suppliers to maximise the opportunities and decrease the risks by following the ethical considerations (Hughes 2013). The business must implement strategy according to the political conditions of Australia and implement fair policy in its operations. Conclusion Based on the internal and external analysis it can be concluded that the primary factors driving the moving jobs offshore are the economic and political parameters. The government influences and the changing social trends of customers adversely affect the economic stability. The strategy of offshore jobs will help Woolworth to gain greater economic benefits then in Australia due to low freight cost, low material cost, financial certainty, tax benefits, access to high skilled workers, high quality infrastructure and best service providers. The strategic analysis of Woolworths has helped in identifying how the external and internal environment affects its business operations and strategies in negative manner. However, the companys strategies are focused on attaining highest-level growth in its operations and sustain the global competitiveness. By moving the jobs offshore, it can establish an impression of giant retail chain. Moreover, since the company has already established its mark in Australia, it can easily increase its market share in different countries. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura,16(1), pp.27-46. Bailey, M., 2016. Absorptive Capacity, International Business Knowledge Transfer, and Local Adaptation: Establishing Discount Department Stores in Australia.Australian Economic History Review. Blundell, L., 2013. Resurrection of a retail giant.Property Australia,27(9), p.22. Burke, J. 2017. Woolworths sends jobs offshore | Food Beverage. [online] Foodmag.com.au. Available at: https://foodmag.com.au/woolworths-sends-jobs-offshore/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Cfmeu.com.au. (2011). Woolworths killing off manufacturing jobs - time to address the supermarket duopoly | CFMEU Mining. [online] Available at: https://cfmeu.com.au/woolworths-killing-off-manufacturing-jobs-time-to-address-the-supermarket-duopoly [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Chalmers, J., Carragher, N., Davoren, S. and OBrien, P., 2013. Real or perceived impediments to minimum pricing of alcohol in Australia: public opinion, the industry and the law.International Journal of Drug Policy,24(6), pp.517-523. Glover, D., 2015.An economy is not a society: Winners and losers in the new Australia(Vol. 7). Black Inc.. Hajkowicz, S.A., Cook, H. and Littleboy, A., 2012.Our Future World: Global megatrends that will change the way we live. The 2012 Revision. CSIRO, Australia. Hughes, J., 2013. Operating Australian Offshore Seismic Surveys: Can we cut through the Bureaucracy and Stakeholder Perceptions with Good Planning and Sound Science?. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, pp.47-81. Kljenak, D.V., Lukic, R. and Jovancevic, D., 2013. SUSTAINABLE COST MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL.Metalurgia International,18(8), p.69. Mo, J. and Lorchirachoonkul, W., 2011. Design of RFID cloud services in a low bandwidth network environment.International Journal of Engineering Business Management,3(1.), pp.38-43. PESTEL Analysis. 2017. PESTLE-PESTEL Analysis of Woolworths. [online] Available at: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestle-pestel-analysis-of-woolworths/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. The Guardian. 2017. Woolworths to cut 500 jobs and close stores across Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jul/25/woolworths-to-cut-500-jobs-and-close-stores-across-australia [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Woolworths Limited. 2015. Environemnt. Retrived from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/A_Trusted_Company/Environment/