Marriages in Nigeria - 1200 Words

Two major types of marriage exist in Nigeria: monogamy, a marriage of one man to one woman, and polygyny, a marriage of one man to two or more wives. In most cultural groups in Nigeria, traditional marriage is usually an arrangement between two families as opposed to an arrangement between two individuals. Accordingly, there is pressure on the bride and bridegroom to make the marriage work as any problem will usually affect both families and strain the otherwise cordial relationship between them. In most Nigerian cultures, the man usually pays the dowry or bride-price and is thus considered the head of the family. Adultery is acceptable for men, but forbidden for women. Marriage ceremonies vary among Nigerian cultures. Idoma marriage.†¦show more content†¦Okrika is the largest town with the largest population and is the administrative and traditional headquarters of the clan. In the Wakirike area, there are two main types of marriages—the Ya or Iyaye and the Igwa. The Ya marriage ceremony involves certain customary functions that precede the consummation of the marriage. Here the bride and groom must come from the same tribe. When the husband is ready, members of the family assemble for the essential marriage rites, including the tying of the knot. The man is required to produce three to five pieces of kano cloth or Ikpo, one piece of real India cloth, or injiri, four yards of raffia palm cloth sewn together (okuru), and another separate yard of the same material. If the husband is wealthy, he adds additional kinds of cloth. He also provides three or four large pots of palm wine and twenty-two or twenty-four manila. These offerings are placed in the shrine of the family ancestors, and an elderly person in the family takes up the single yard of raffia cloth and ties the knot. The husband and wife stand before the shrine, side by side. The elder then ties the raffia cloth round the waist of the wife seven times, each time uttering some words tha t invoke blessings on the couple. Palm wine is poured into a drinking cup, and the bride and groom drink from it simultaneously. The knot has thus been tied, and divorce becomes virtually impossible.Show MoreRelatedLit Review on Child Marriages in Nigeria2420 Words   |  10 PagesReview 2.1 Background Historical researches aimed at improving sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Nigeria have focused on unmarried girls and boys. This can be partly attributed to the assumption that male and female adolescents are unmarried and solely responsible for risky sexual behaviour and unwanted pregnancies. However, there is a wide prevalence of early marriages in Nigeria. Nationwide, 19% of girls were married by age 15, and 43% by age 182 (2003, NDHS). The proportions of marriedRead MoreThe Sexual Offences Bill 2015 Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagessexual assault and a varying newly introduced elements of sexual offences has a very strong link to the subject of child marriage in Nigeria hence the reason of its examination as it relates to child marriage and the CRA in line with the legal implications if it were to be made law. The SOB has left a trail of controversy with regards to its provisions on matters such as child marriage, age of sexual consent and pedophilia. To start with, section 7(1- 4) of the Bill states; (1) A person who commits anRead MoreImproving The Retention Rate Of South Nigeria1424 Words   |  6 Pagesnations like Nigeria are working to ensure that the children and youth of their countries have access to free and compulsory primary education in an effort to educate the masses. Though Nigeria is making strides and improving the retention rates of its students, it still has the highest number of children out of school in the world. In Nigeria alone, more than 10.5 million students are out of school, the majority of them in northern Nigeria, and are mostly girls (Moser, 2014). Northern Nigeria is a predominatelyRead MoreEffects Of Gender Inequality On Children1275 Words   |  6 PagesAfter colonization and gender inequality began to exist, there were causes and there were effects of gender inequality in Nigeria and these effects were: Child Mortality: According to Unicef, Nigeria loses about 2,300 under five-year-olds and 145 women of childbearing age every single day and this makes Nigeria the second largest contributor to under-five and maternal mortality rate† (Unicef). What people tend to forget is that this is an effect of gender inequality, gender inequality decreasesRead MoreDomestic Law On The Rights Of The Child Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesdomestic law on the rights of the child in Nigeria. The CRA was passed as a federal law but it does not have a direct application effect in the states of the federation until individual states enact it at the state level because it is a law which is in the Residual list. The CRA in its comprehensiveness provides a varying range of child rights which includes but not limited to the prohibition on the use of children in criminal activities, the exposure of children to use, production and traffickingRead MoreBrazil Culture1609 Words   |  7 PagesComparison between marriage customs in America and Nigeria Research design It is often said that marriages are made in Heaven, and therefore, a suitable partner is very much of a necessity so as to lead a very happy and satisfied life. We often witness two types of Marriages, mainly, love marriages and arranged marriages. In love marriage, two adults decide to involve themselves in the holy bond of matrimony and in the other the families of the groom and the bride, or the third partiesRead MoreThe Acceptance And Tolerance Towards Gay Rights974 Words   |  4 Pageswe are somewhat intolerant towards individuals who did not agree with gay rights. I witness this same intolerance in my everyday life. It has become taboo within our generation/peers in the United States to openly disagree with gay rights or gay marriage. If an individual does not agree or support gay rights, they are often face backlash and are scorned at. For example, when American Idol runner-up La’Porsha Renae stated during a press conference that she does not agree with the homosexual lifestyleRead MoreGender Roles Are Harmful And How Important It Is1739 Words   |  7 PagesLagos, Nigeria. She is one of few women working in her office and she differs from them greatly. While her coworkers are overly religious and focused on finding husbands, she rebels against these norms and begins an affair with a married man. The theme of marriage is obviously a topic that Adichie deems important to the perpetuation of patriarchy in Nigerian society. In her 2012 TEDtalk title â€Å"We Should All Be feminists†, Adichie says â€Å"Because I am female, I am expected to aspire to marriage. I amRead MorePoverty : A Very Frightening Scenario That Has Played Out Time Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a very frightening scenario that has played out time and time again in Nigeria. Researchers point out in statistics showing that â€Å"in 2012... The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reported that the poverty crisis in Nigeria varied by region, sector a nd gender, and impacted Nigerian youth, children and mothers more than the adult male population†. The nature and causes of poverty have also been examined. According to the World Bank, â€Å"poverty is an outcome not only of economic processesRead MoreThe Evolution of Women in Nigeria1310 Words   |  6 Pagesroles in food preparation, weaving, pottery, and the economy. However, the impact of British rule in Nigeria made a significant shift from the pre-colonial to the post- colonial era. The influence of the Catholic Church, Western style education, patriarchal government and modern ways of making money took a major toll in a woman’s role in society. As demonstrated in the history and literature of Nigeria, society can clearly witness the setbacks and growths of Nigerian women experienced. This literary

Similarities and Differences of FASB Vs GASB Example

Essays on Similarities and Differences of FASB Vs GASB Essay ï » ¿Similarities and Differences of FASB Vs GASB Similarities Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and Government Accounting Standard Board are important institutions of accounting that have similarities and differences. For instance, in terms of accounting standards and principles, FASB, an organization established in 1973 deals with the publishing of public sector materials. It also reports on the guidelines that assist in interpreting accounting principles. It implies that that FASB concerns itself with the issuance and creation of GAAP standards particularly in the regulation of standards that touch on private sector. The scenario is replicated with GASB which majorly defines the single reporting method and it comes in three methods (Anderson, 2009). These include methods focussing on governmental agencies, business-type activities, and government-related business-type activities. In other words, the establishment of GASB in 1984 was meant to reinforce the previous functions of FASB. Another similarity is both FASB and GASB ensure reporting standards and financial accounting principles affecting state and local government agencies are fully implemented. Alternatively, the two accounting agencies are critical for financial experts in their preparation of financial statements when they intend to conduct annual financial reporting. It equally ensures that both FASB and GASB focus on demonstrating accountability especially in the utilization of public resources by government and local union officials to avoid corruption. The entire process is often done through a rigorous audit process (Fischer et al, 2011). By enforcing compliance of standards, both FASB and GASB are also evaluate balance sheets, key financial reports and expense report to provide essential guidelines and structure vital in financial reporting. FASB and GASB, in terms of statement of cash flows equally share notable similarities. First, both financial entities deal with financing activities, operating activities, and investments of companies and organizations with statement of cash flows. It means that FASB and GASB are important in the analysis of interests and income taxes of companies. Second, as a result of their successful analysis in tax evaluation, the two financial boards help investors and lenders when examining an organization’s cash flow statement. According to financial experts, the step is important because it ensures that the net income of a company is geared toward generating substantial cash of reducing increased dividends and debts. Additionally, both FASB and GASB are concerned with striking a financial balance between the company’s net income and its operating activities in order to avoid unnecessary borrowings. Sharing of seven-member board of directors is another interesting similarity that connects FASB and GASB. It means the board members have similar functions that include centering on financial reporting and accounting standards. As part of being non-governmental agencies equally accords FASB and GASB an important step when recommending business processes of tax evaluation. Another crucial similarity involves their service financial clients only and no other professionals. The process demonstrates that the two financial entities are specific in their quest to improve financial services offered by companies. Conversely, FASB and GASB complement the work of another with the latter as a government entity partly sponsoring the former. GASB also borrow ideas from FASB in exchange for financial support. Differences In spite of the numerous similarities aforementioned, there are also multiple differences. For example, in terms of standards offered, contribution of services differ because while FASB provides for recognition and giving a criteria that supports measurement, GASB does not. Instead, GASB is still formulating financial plans of adopting a criteria for such recognition. Additionally, while FASB recognizes the urgency of contribution of revenue including correspondence of expense, GASB only evaluates contributed services in form of fair value without any net assets. It reveals another significant difference concerning endowment pledges. GASB, for example, forbids the determination of endowment pledges because they deem endowment as a form of investment perpetuity. In other words, GASB proponents believe that the receivership of funds is the most vital step because it will have impact on gif revenue, net assets, and total assets (Fischer et al, 2011). On the other hand, FASB determines the existence of permanently restricted net assets. Interestingly, restricted cash contributions also affect FASB and GASB. The former has standards that acknowledge cash contributions especially if they both permanently and temporarily restricted. However, the latter demands the deferment of revenue for future use to save resources. Consequently, the management of revenue, deferred assets, and liabilities will reveal a financial difference. In terms of restricted non-endowment pledges, FASB and GASB are also poles apart. The latter supports the reporting of realized gains and losses and net investment income as a single amount while FASB demands for separated display. FASB equally forbids the total determination of operating revenue while GASB recognizes operating revenue in form of investment income when it is used to service a student loan (Kieso et al, 2011). According to financial analysts, the outcome of the above outlined steps will affect investment income because of different operating results in regards to portion of endowment spent and other forms of investment income. The issue of Pell grants equally has ramifications in the operations of FASB and GASB. For example, while the former deems grants as balance sheet pass, the former describes grants as part of activity statement transaction. It means that when operating with GASB, the grant revenue will be higher in public institutions including the net tuition revenue unlike FASB that affects net assets and liabilities. Operation of Perkins loans is another interesting observation on how the two financial entities function (Weil et al, 2012). FASB, for example, describes the loans as part of balance-sheet transaction by citing federal portion as an aspect of liability. On other hand, GASB embraces the activity-statement approach that considers federal portion as wholly part of net assets and not liability. Therefore, funds in possession of others under trust management will display different calculations and guidance. FASB demonstrates guidance by calculating funds as parts of asset while GASB focuss es on report and record of entities to establish the value of assets. In definition of restrictions, according to FASB literature, restrictions are imposed by donors and for a GASB environment, only external party has the right to put restrictions. Accordingly, the entity report and record as spelt out in GASB 14 and GASB 39 stipulates that only affiliated foundations have a right over assets, net assets, and revenues unlike for FASB. Utilization of restricted funds equally elicit a big difference between GASB and FASB. The former supports various approaches of issuing restrictions to explain disclosure of funds while the latter uses a report model of reducing net assets. It means that post-employment benefits caused by both financial entities not have a similar outlook. Instead, there shall be consistent treatment of post-retirement benefits and pensions through FASB’s reporting model. The process occurs despite the existence of unrestricted resources usually called the dollar release concept. GASB, however, integrates consistent methodologies that account for all accruing post-employment benefits and pensions (Kieso et al, 2011). In terms of asset impairment, FASB depends on future cash flows often evaluated through the determination of impairment losses while GASB strictly concentrates on asset’s service utility. Overall, management analysis and discussions of both institutions present varying financial scenarios worth observing. First, financial statements of FASB do not have consistent requirements unlike GASB that derives satisfaction from public colleges through presentation of financial statements in form of charts, tables, and graphs. Capitalization of investments in regards to software means FASB develops in-house resources while GASB concentrates on intangible assets (Griff, 2014). According to an advisory committee, the latter offers guidance in the independent institutions through recommendations unlike FASB that focusses on divergent systems. In summary, while both institutions enforce standard reporting on financial accounting, they heavily differ on financial accounting standards. References Anderson, G. (2009). The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems. New Jersey, NJ: OUP. Fischer, P. et al (2011). Advanced Accounting. New York, NY: SAGE. Griff, M. (2014). Professional Accounting Essays and Assignments. New Jersey, NJ: SAGE. Kieso, D. et al (2011). Intermediate Accounting. Mason, OH: Springer. Weil, R. et al (2012). Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses. Mason, OH: Cenegage Learning.

Glycemic Control and Excess Mortality

Question: Discuss about the Glycemic Control and Excess Mortality. Answer: Introduction: The type 1 diabetes is linked to chronic kidney disease (Inzucchi et al. 2015). Though the mechanism is unknown, the high blood glucose levels damages the glomeruli. There is decreased glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria resulting in chronic kidney disease due to prevailing high blood glucose levels in the body of the patient. In the given case study, Mrs Mallacoota is suffering from type 1 diabetes linked to chronic kidney disease. The diabetes or high blood glucose levels in the body have injured the small blood vessels in the body. Due to this, the kidney is not able to clean the blood efficiently and as a result, more water and salt is retained in the body that resulted in ankle swelling and tiredness in the patient. It has also caused puffy eyes in the patient due to excess fluid and sodium retention. It gets accumulated during sleeping due to gravity and appears puffy after getting up from sleep. Relationship between type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease According to Burrow and Ride (2016) there is burden of kidney disease among the Aboriginal population than the non-indigenous population. They are susceptible to diabetes and high blood pressure linked to chronic kidney disease. People above the age of 60, having a high blood pressure or type 1 diabetes are prone to chronic kidney disease due to high blood glucose levels (). The type 1 diabetes harms the kidney functioning. The tiny blood vessels in the filtering units of kidney become narrow and highly clogged due to high blood sugar levels in the body. Therefore, the kidneys get damaged due to decrease in the efficiency of the glomerular filtration rate and there is deposition of salt and water leading to puffiness in eyes and ankles in the patient. Evidence has proved that lifestyle programs that are short term help to keep the high blood sugar levels and high blood pressure in control (Atkinson et al. 2014). The low sodium, potassium and phosphorus in diet, physical exercise, diabetes meal plan, limiting of protein, physical exercise and proper sleep would help Mrs. Mallacoota to keep blood glucose levels under control (Smith et al. 2014). Moreover, she is stressed thinking about her future and that she requires new pair of kidneys. The progressive relaxation therapy would help to manage stress in her and prevent the heart co-morbidities in her (Lind et al. 2014). References Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S. and Michels, A.W., 2014. Type 1 diabetes.The Lancet,383(9911), pp.69-82. Burrow, S. and Ride, K., 2016. Review of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Mt Lawley (AUST): Edith Cowan University Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet. Inzucchi, S.E., Bergenstal, R.M., Buse, J.B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A.L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R. and Matthews, D.R., 2015. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.Diabetes care,38(1), pp.140-149. Lind, M., Svensson, A.M., Kosiborod, M., Gudbjrnsdottir, S., Pivodic, A., Wedel, H., Dahlqvist, S., Clements, M. and Rosengren, A., 2014. Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes.New England Journal of Medicine,371(21), pp.1972-1982. Smith, L.B., Kugler, B.B., Lewin, A.B., Duke, D.C., Storch, E.A. and Geffken, G.R., 2014. Executive functioning, parenting stress, and family factors as predictors of diabetes management in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes using intensive regimens.Children's Health Care,43(3), pp.234-252.

The 1950s free essay sample

An examination into United States of the fifties and the reasons why these years were considered Happy Days. A paper which studies the 1950s and shows why they were seen as successful years in American history. The author discusses the boom in consumerism as a result of added exposure to the media and television, advancement in technology, the explosion of youth culture and the concentration of family values in family life. America enjoyed a boom time of prosperity during the 1950s despite having three recessions, consumer prices rose by 5.5%, Federal income expenditure went from -$3,122m in 1950 to +$269m in 1960. The reason for the American economy being so strong after the war was that most of the other major countries had been severely damaged by the war, North America had not seen any fighting, with the exception of Pearl Harbor. This gave America the head start over the other countries, to get back to normality and it did by growing and expanding itself from its industry to its export market. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1950s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The population grew by 18.5% in the 50s, the highest increase in the 20th Century, due to the increased rate of births and immigration.

Executive Country Briefing

Introduction The eight forces framework is an analysis tool that enables firms to evaluate the effect of the macro-environmental factors of the economy on their performance. It is thus used by entrepreneurs to analyze the suitability of the economies they intend to invest in.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Executive Country Briefing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will focus on the application of this framework in the context of a firm that intends to invest in China. Thus the effects of the external factors associated with China will be illuminated. Eight Forces Framework Figure 1 in the appendix illustrates the various components of the framework. These components denote the external factors that influence the performance of a business in a give economy. The interdependence among the factors or components of the framework illustrates their relationships. For example, political factors influence th e development of the legal system. Their influence in a business setting can be explained as follows. Socio-cultural This relates to the norms, values and perspectives of the citizens and can be explained as follows. The dominant religious groups in China include Shensi-Taoism and Buddhism. However, majority of Chinese are not religious since over 60% of the population does not identify with any religion. Being a socialist country, collectivism is highly emphasized. The achievement of a group is considered to be more valuable than the contribution of each member. In the context of a business, this is an advantage since it encourages teamwork. The citizens are beginning to embrace individualism due to the influence of globalization and the one-child-policy. Globalization and the introduction of private property is encouraging individualism in the country. The Chinese are associated with a long-term time orientation. This means that they â€Å"value slow growth through perseveranceâ € . They are also associated with formal work practices that are based on contracts. Long-term work relationships between employees and employers are highly valued in China. The Chinese have a positive attitude towards work. The rapid growth of their economy is largely attributed to their ‘work to death’ attitude. This means that they are dedicated to work. Besides, the work ethics in the country promotes labor productivity and increased output.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legal Legal factors refer to the rules and regulations that guide the operation of the country and its economic activities. The Chinese legal framework is based on the civil system (codified legal system). This is reflected in six codes which include the â€Å"constitution, civil code, civil procedure, criminal code, code of criminal procedure and the administrative law†. The co mmon law is not very popular and is mainly used to settle disputes among individuals. According to the country’s labor laws, employments must be based on contracts. The contracts specify the rights and obligations of the employers and the employees. The contracts are informed by the labor laws that were introduced in 1994. The labor market is characterized by a large number of labor unions. The unions have as high as 137 million members but are less effective in representing the employees. The government has responded to this situation be introducing â€Å"collective contracts and tripartite institutions to mediate in labor disputes†. In 2007, anti-monopoly laws were enacted to achieve three goals namely, promoting fair competition, protecting consumers and facilitating socialist market’s growth. The laws are enforced by the Anti-monopoly Commission. The government is keen in fighting corruption through appropriate legislation that emphasizes tough penalties aga inst the perpetrators of the offence. Even though China’s constitution recognizes the international laws, the country has always been accused of failing to adhere to such laws. It has particularly failed to adhere to the World Trade Organization’s rules on several occasions. Political China is a communist state with its capital in Beijing and headed by President HU Jintao. The country is organized into â€Å"twenty three provinces, four municipalities and five regions that are autonomous†. The branches of the government include the â€Å"judiciary, the executive, the legislative and the political parties†. It is one of the most stable governments in the world. Its stability is attributed to the Confucian philosophy that promotes peace and self control. Besides, the leaders are focused on maintaining stability in order to achieve high economic growth. The stability has enabled it to achieve rapid growth in the last three decades.Advertising We will wr ite a custom report sample on Executive Country Briefing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The national groupings in the country include 55 small ethnic groups and the dominant Han community. Other groups include the foreign that have been granted citizenship through legal procedures. The economic interventions associated with China’s government include the following. First, the government regulates most industries in order to ensure stability. Second, subsidies are given to firms to boost their competitiveness. Finally, the government pursues policies that aim at protecting local industries from external competition. These strategies benefit local firms at the expense of foreign firms since they discourage fair competition at the international level. Demographics China is associated with the highest population in the world (Kaneda, 2011). This is beneficial due to the fact that it provides a large market for various goods and s ervices. The total population is estimated at 1.3 billion people as at December 2009. Its composition is as follows. 19.8 percent of the population consists of children between the age of zero and fourteen years. The citizens aged between fifteen and sixty four years account for 72.1 percent of the population. The males account for 51.53 percent of the population while the females account for 48.47% of the population. There is a fair distribution of the population between the urban and rural areas. 42.3% of the population lives in the urban areas while the remaining 57.7% resides in the rural areas. China’s population is highly educated. Over 90% of the population is able to read and write. This promotes the development of human capital in the country. Internal migration in the country mainly involves movements between rural and urban areas. There are also significant migrations to other countries. Currently, the country’s net migration rate is â€Å"-0.39 migrants pe r 1000 individuals†. The migrations are mainly attributed to push-pool conditions such as employment opportunities. Physical and Natural The countries ecology can be described as follows. The land measures â€Å"approximately 3.7 square miles†. The terrain is diverse and includes plains, deltas and mountains. It is characterized by numerous ecosystems which are habitats of several species of plants and animals. Even though the government regulates pollution, the environment remains highly polluted by domestic and industrial wastes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The man-made risks or disasters in the country include pollution and destruction of vegetation especially forests. This has led to droughts and famine in the past. China has experienced some of the most dangerous natural disasters. Such disasters include floods and earthquakes. The disasters occur regularly and affect over 200 million citizens every year in terms of destruction of property and loss of lives. â€Å"The National Disaster Reduction Center† is the agency that is responsible for risk management in China. It provides information that helps in preventing and coping with the disasters. This is achieved by studying the trends of the disasters using modern technology. The private sector also helps in risk management through research and financial aid. Terrorism cases are minimal in China. The few cases that exist are attributed to Muslim extremist in Xinjiang and a section of Tibetan clergy. In order to prevent terrorism in the country, the government has identified an d banned the responsible organizations. Competition The government has taken a number of measures to reform the state-owned firms and this can be explained as follows. Most of the state-owned firms have been listed both locally and in foreign markets. This helps in modernizing them and improving their efficiency. The managements of such firms have been given the authority to make decisions in regard to their operations. For example, they can hire the junior and middle level officers. Profit remittance has been substituted by profit taxes. Thus the firms are free to use their after tax profits for further development and investment. The main barriers to trade and investment in the country include the following. First, the country’s procurement system is incomplete and is characterized by corruption. Second, companies are required to adhere to several compliance regulations. Besides, certification for compliance is cumbersome since it is done by third party agencies. Third, the government’s trade policies aim at protecting local firms through import as well as export limits. This restricts sales and reduces the competitiveness of foreign firms. Finally, Investment in some sectors of the economy such as the energy industry is not open to foreign firms. Besides, the government imposes â€Å"equity caps and limits the number of establishments† that can be owned by a firm. These factors undermine the efforts to facilitate capital flows. They also discourage international trade between China and its foreign partners. Technology The high production capacity of China is attributed to its massive investments in research and development in all sectors of the economy. In 2010, China was the third â€Å"largest spender in research and development† (Naik, 2011) at the international level. It intends to invest $153.7 billion in various research activities in the year 2011(Naik, 2011). Thus it will be elevated to position two in regard to research and development expenditure. The country invests at least â€Å"1.4% of its GDP in research and development† (Naik, 2011) and this has led to innovation and cost reduction. The country is also focusing on the use of modern information technology. This involves investing in both equipment and employee development in order to promote the use of modern technology. This has led to the development of sophisticated, efficient and cost effective production technologies. In order to improve its productivity, the country relies on the use of modern communication technology such as the internet. It has invested in communication infrastructure such as fiber optic cables in order to reduce the cost of communication and data transmission. The government has also used its abundant labor and natural resources to invest in modern transportation infrastructure. Thus the country has well maintained roads, railways networks as well as air and sea ports. These infrastructures are evenly distribu ted in the country. Due to the open-policy introduced by the government, the country has a high technology adoption rate. It adopts foreign technology by encouraging international companies to establish their research and development stations in the country. The technology absorption capacity is high due to two reasons. First, teamwork and learning is high emphasized in the country and this promotes sharing of knowledge. Second, both public and private sectors invest in employee training and this enables them to use modern technology. Economic and Financial China is associated with a mixed economy with both socialist and capitalist elements. While the government recognizes and protects private property, it also plays an important role in the economic system. The government not only regulates economic activities but also own businesses either directly or indirectly. China’s economy is the second largest in the world. Its economy experiences a rapid growth that has been maintai ned at 10% over the last three decades. The â€Å"country’s GDP in 2009 was $ 7,518 per capita†. Currently, China’s interest rate is 6.06%. The interest rate has been maintained at an average rate of 6.49% since 1996. The country’s inflation at the end of the third quarter of 2010 was 4.9%. The country’s inflation has been maintained at an average rate of 4.25% since 1994. Renminbi is the country’s legal tender. China uses a ‘floating exchange rate system†. Currently, one US dollar is equivalent to 6.56 CNY. The country’s banking system is organized as follows. â€Å"The People’s Bank of China† acts as the country’s central bank. It has the autonomy to formulate and execute monetary polices. Regulation of the banking industry is done by the â€Å"China Banking Regulating Committee†. The other institutions include commercial banks and deposit taking financial organizations. Conclusion The above a nalysis indicates that the eight forces framework provides the basis for analyzing the significance of the external factors in a business setting. China is a communist state with a politically stable government. The socio-cultural factors promote hard work among the citizens. The country is also associated with a rapidly growing economy. Its growth rate is attributed to a large domestic market and investment in research and development. Appendix Figure 1. This figure illustrates the various components of the eight forces framework. The arrows show that the external environmental factors are interrelated and depend on each other. References Carreiro, M., Sung, Y.-C., Wu, J. (2008). Ecology, planning and management of urban forets. New York: Springer. Chao, J.-C. (2002). The reform of state owned enterprises in mainland China. China Report, vol. 36 (2) , 221-238. Chen, X. (2009). State intervention and business group performance in China. New York: ProQuest LLC. Colin, H. (2010). Ch ina’s legal system: new developmenets, new challanges. China Journal, vol. 23 (2) , 37-55. Garnaut, R., Sung, L. (2007). China: linking markets for growth. Boston: ANU Press. Heberer, T., Schubert, G. (2009). Regime legitimacy in contemporary China. New York: Taylor and Francis. Kaneda, T. (2011). China’s concern over population ageing and health. Web. Naik, G. (2011). China surpasses Japan in R D as power shifts. Web. Nichols, T., Zhao, W. (2010). Disaffection with trade unions in China. International relations Journal, vol. 41 (1) , 19-33. Philip, C. (2002). Popular religions in China: the imperial metaphor. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 24 (3), 140-155. Staltman, J., Lidstone, J., Dechano, L. (2004). International perspectives on natural disasters. New York: Springer. Tyers, r., Golley, J., Yongxiang, B. (2010). China’s economic growth and its real exchange rate. China Economic Journal, vol. 1 (2) , 123-145. Xie, W.-J., Gu, G.-F., Zhou, W.-X. (2010). On the growth of primary industry and the population of China’s counties. Statistical Mechanics and its Application, vol. 389 (18) , 3876-3882. Ying-Chun, W., Shuxian, H., Qian, W. (2009). Technology spillovers of FDI and technology apsorptive capacity: the case of China. Future Information Technology and Management Engineering, vol.27 (3) , 107-110. Zhang, Y.-C., Li, Z.-L. (2009). High performnce market practices and firm performance: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry in China. The International Journal of Human Resources Management, vol. 20 (11) , 2331-2348. This report on Executive Country Briefing was written and submitted by user Chad D. to help you with your own studies. 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Pocahontas essays

Pocahontas essays The story of Pocahontas is well known, at least as it has been recorded by the Europeans. Many Indian nations including actual ancestors of the Powhatan tribe feel it is an inaccurate account of events. The Walt Disney Studios attempted to bring a story to the children of America. The objective was profit and entertainment so historical accuracy was overlooked. The 1995 Disney version of the story has dramatized the story of Pocahontas and John Smith. The writers and directors took obvious liberties and altered the story for the audience. The film directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg seems to have held true in the overall European theory of the story. Basically, the daughter of a chief of a Native American Indian tribe fell in love with an English explorer and soldier and that romance affected the overall relationship and outcome of the meeting between the Native Indians and the English colonists of 16th century Walt Disney Studios used their creative animation techniques to present a story that seems as realistic as any full length motion picture. As is expected from the Disney Studio, there were many symbols and hidden meanings throughout the film which appeared to have been added to influence viewers. From talking trees to comic relief animals, the story is filled with various human, internal and external struggles that may have been wholly manifested by the writers and or directors of the film to show we can all live together in peace and harmony. Right from the beginning of the movie, Capt. John Smith is portrayed as a brave and heroic champion. In an early scene, the ship the colonists are crossing the ocean on is in the heart of a horrific storm. The captain is able to weather the situation better than all of the other sailors on the ship and continually moves through the storm as if he can fly. The focal point of the trip is when a sailor falls overboar...

Dominant Types and Seriality in Architectural Practices Essay

Dominant Types and Seriality in Architectural Practices - Essay Example This tendency of the concept of typology to take different shapes and meanings in the history of architectural design methodology has been a subject of debate for a long time. A commonly held squabble against the typological procedures in architecture has been a claim that such practices are manifestations of the times of craft or preindustrial art. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the persistence of the concept of typology in architectural practices of different time periods and contexts. Also the essay will attempt to comprehend the relevance of typology in the current architectural design approaches, as well as the significance of the employment of classification and seriality in such innovative architectural practices as FOA will be discussed. The impact of globalization on the political agencies of different countries and consequently on their attitude towards the urban transformations will be evaluated taking the example of Singapore. Hence the importance of controlling the individual identity of practice using repetitions and differentiations will also be discussed in order to identify the means of evolving distinct types in certain working environment and under different ethical influences. It is one of the universal principles to reduce human perceptions to certain persistently occurring patterns, regular geometries or harmonies. Hence the debate of typology is not new in the architectural discussions. Likewise typologies in architecture specify and direct the varying requirement profiles of certain buildings or spatial systems. These categories of typologies vary with the scale of architectural intervention. Hence at the level of urban planning the typologies may deal with groups of houses, attached or isolated, while the typologies of building may inspect residences, industrial units, entertainment complexes, etc. Building typology has offered the governing model